- It is acidic in nature (pH 6.0) and is slightly heavier than water. It has a faint aromatic odour due to urinoid. Daily urine output in normal adult is 1.5 - 1.8 L.
- Chemical composition of urine is water 95-96%, urea 2% and some other substance like uric acid, creatinine, etc., are 2-3%.
- The urine on standing gives a pungent smell. It is due to conversion of urea into ammonia by bacteria.
- Haemodialysis is the process of removal of excess urea from the blood of patient using artificial kidney.
- Kidney stone is generally calsium oxalate crystals.
- Aquatic animals generally excrete ammonia.
- Man and shark excrete urea.
- Desert animals and birds excrete uric acid.
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