- Originally, Constitution did not contain Fundamental Duties. In 1976, the FDs of citizens were added by 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act on the recommendations of Swarn Singh Committee.
- Originally, ten FDs were added. In 2002, one more duty was added.
List of Fundamental Duties
According to Article 51 A, it shall be the duty of energy citizen of India
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
(e) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of the country's composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop Scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; and
(k) to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of of and 14th years. This duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
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